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EST · Europe & Central Asia

Estonia

1,366,475

Latest official population · 2025

Annual change-5.87K2024 to 2025
Growth since 2000-2.2%from 1.4M
Life expectancy79.3 years2024
Fertility rateNot availableLatest source value
Urban population70.7%2025
RegionEurope & Central AsiaHigh income

A country at every age

How Estonia is shaped by age.

A larger older population makes healthy ageing, care, and a smaller future workforce especially important.

Latest shared source year: 2025
Ages 0–1415.3%Children and early teens
Ages 15–6462.9%Working-age population
Ages 65+21.8%Older population

The population pulse

How the population changes.

Births and deaths show natural change. Migration shows how movement across borders also changes the population.

Birth rate7.1births per 1,000 · 2024
Death rate11.5deaths per 1,000 · 2024
Natural balance-4.4births minus deaths per 1,000
Net migration-13.35Knet people estimate · 2025

UN medium projection

What could Estonia look like in 2050?

If current demographic patterns evolve along the UN's medium scenario, the population could be 1.17M in 2050—13.7% smaller than the 2024 UN estimate.

A projection is a scenario, not a prediction or live count.
  1. 20241.36M
  2. 20501.17M
  3. 2100825.5K
Median age in 205048.4years
Births in 20509.78Kduring the year
Deaths in 205016.73Kduring the year
Life expectancy83.2years in 2050

Long view

Population through time

Official World Bank annual observations, shown at decade intervals with the latest published year.

  1. 19601.21M
  2. 19701.36M
  3. 19801.48M
  4. 19901.57M
  5. 20001.4M
  6. 20101.33M
  7. 20201.33M
  8. 20251.37M
SourceWorld Bank Open DataPopulation total · SP.POP.TOTL
Latest population year2025Official annual observation
Future sourceUN WPP 2024Medium projection · 2024–2100
DeliveryReliable snapshotChecked 9/22/2026

Keep exploring

Put Estonia into context.

Compare this country →Create your HumanPulse →